This article needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2017) () Computer music is the application of in, to help human create new music or to have computers independently create music, such as with programs. It includes the theory and application of new and existing computer technologies and basic aspects of music, such as,,, sonic diffusion,, and. The field of computer music can trace its roots back to the origins of, and the very first experiments and innovations with electronic instruments at the turn of the 20th century. In the 2000s, with the widespread availability of relatively affordable that have a fast processing speed, and the growth of using systems ranging from to, the term is sometimes used to describe music that has been created using digital technology. Australia's first digital computer, as displayed at the Much of the work on computer music has drawn on the relationship between and, a relationship which has been noted since the described the '. Musical notes were first generated by a computer programmed by at the Computing Machine Laboratory of the in 1948. The first music proper, a performance of the was programmed by on the Mark II at same venue, in 1951. Later that year, short extracts of three pieces were recorded there by a outside broadcasting unit: the National Anthem, ', and '. Researchers at the, Christchurch restored the acetate master disc in 2016 and the results may be heard on. The world's first computer to play music publicly was, which was designed and built by and Maston Beard in the 1950s. Mathematician Geoff Hill programmed the CSIRAC to play popular musical melodies from the very early 1950s. In 1951 it publicly played the ' of which no known recordings exist. Which computer should I buy for music production and making? It depends on if you want a Mac or PC, operating system, your budget, and what gear you are using. He first music composed by computer considered good enough for top-class musicians to play is to be performed to mark the 100th anniversary of Alan Turing's birth. Pandora is free, personalized radio that plays music you'll love. Discover new music and enjoy old favorites. Start with your favorite artist, song or composer and Pandora will create a custom station that plays similar tracks. However, played standard repertoire and was not used to extend musical thinking or composition practice which is current computer-music practice. Two further major 1950s developments were the origins of digital sound synthesis by computer, and of programs beyond rote playback. At Bell Laboratories developed the influential program and its descendents, further popularising computer music through a 1963 article in Science. Amongst other pioneers, the musical chemists and Leonard Isaacson worked on a series of algorithmic composition experiments from 1956-9, manifested in the 1957 premiere of the Illiac Suite for string quartet. In, experiments in computer music date back to 1962, when professor Sekine and engineer Hayashi experimented with the computer. This resulted in a piece entitled TOSBAC Suite, influenced by the Illiac Suite. Later Japanese computer music compositions include a piece by Kenjiro Ezaki presented during and 'Panoramic Sonore' (1974) by music critic Akimichi Takeda.
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Here are six: Safe Invitation Instead of being asked to 'join' a Bible study, people are invited to a home to hear about an idea: a discussion Bible study group for adults who aren't experts. After dessert and coffee, the host or hostess explains how the group will function, using the method of inductive (investigative) study. A twenty-minute sampler—one incident from the gospel of Mark—gives a taste of what's ahead. Those interested set a time and place to start studying. The same thing can happen on the job. Any group that meets on neutral territory is less threatening for newcomers than meeting in a church. Lunch-hour groups currently meet every week among Wall Street businesspeople, research scientists at a pharmaceutical corporation, and executives and clerical workers at a chemical firm; there's also an after-work study among garage mechanics with their Christian employer, and breakfast studies (weekday or Saturday) among small-town tradesmen and professionals. Workers who know one another through their jobs but meet in homes range from lobstermen on an island off the Maine coast to astronauts and their spouses in Houston. Protective Structure An ideal ratio is six to eight people studying the Bible for the first time with only one or two firm Christians. Groups with too many 'experts' do not appeal to raw beginners. A group of six to ten is large enough to stimulate interaction and new ideas but small enough to let everyone speak and respond to the comments of others. If a group is twelve or larger, discussion tends to split into two or three competing conversations. The moderator has to exert strong control and may be tempted to lecture. The quiet people and those who know the least sit back. Sometimes they stop coming. But when everyone has a fair chance, each participant is greatly influenced by what she discovers and shares in the group. What she hears herself saying about Jesus' claims will be remembered long after she forgets what someone else tells her. We recall only 20 percent of what we hear but 70 percent of what we say. That's why discussion Bible studies are powerful agents of change. Whole Book Bites Newcomers to the Bible need to lay a foundation before they can handle studies that skip around. Using selected verses here and there to present the gospel message confuses the person who cannot set them into a meaningful context. They also put the person at risk when approached by a cult using a thematic presentation. If methods are similar, the biblically untaught person has a hard time distinguishing between what is authentic and what is counterfeit. Those new to Bible study should start with Mark; it's clear, concise, full of action, and does not require familiarity with the Old Testament. No wonder missionary translators usually begin with Mark. 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